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Vanilla aphylla Blume – Leafless vanilla.

This is a partial list of species or synonyms: The taxonomy of the genus Vanilla is complex. Selected species See List of Vanilla species on the Comoros for Robert Mertens's day gecko ( Phelsuma robertmertensi). Off-season or when abandoned, they may serve as habitat for animals of open forest, e.g. Vanilla species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as the woolly bear moths Hypercompe eridanus and H. Vanilla beans are harvested by hand from commercial orchards. Each pod contains thousands of minute seeds, and both the pods and seeds within are used to create vanilla flavoring. It ripens gradually for 8 to 9 months after flowering, eventually turning black in color and giving off a strong aroma. Rather, the vanilla fruit is technically an elongate, fleshy and later dehiscent capsule 10–20 cm long. The fruit is termed "vanilla bean", though true beans are fabaceous eudicots not at all closely related to orchids. Vanilla plantations require trees for the orchids to climb and anchor by its roots. Hand pollination is the most reliable method in commercially grown vanilla. Melipona) or hummingbirds, but this was never confirmed the only actual documented pollination (i.e., producing seed set) is recorded for an orchid bee, Eulaema meriana, visiting Vanilla grandiflora in Peru, and pollinia of Vanilla species have been observed attached to other species of Eulaema in Panama, and pollinia of Vanilla pompona are carried by males of Eulaema cingulata in Peru. In the Neotropics, the flowers were historically presumed to be pollinated by stingless bees (e.g. The flowers are self-fertile, but need pollinators to perform this task. If pollination has not occurred meanwhile, it will be shed. Each flower opens up in the morning and closes late in the afternoon on the same day, never to reopen.

Most Vanilla flowers have a sweet scent.īlooming occurs only when the flowers are fully grown. The anther is at the top of the column and hangs over the stigma, separated by the rostellum. The lip is tubular-shaped and surrounds the long, bristly column, opening up, as the bell of a trumpet, at its apex. The flowers' sepals and petals are similar. The flowers are quite large and attractive with white, green, greenish yellow or cream colors. There may be up to 100 flowers on a single raceme, but usually no less than 20. The racemose inflorescence's short-lived flowers arise successively on short peduncles from the leaf axils or scales. Long and strong aerial roots grow from each node. But there are also a significant number of species that have their leaves reduced to scales or have become nearly or totally leafless and appear to use their green climbing stems for photosynthesis. The short, oblong, dark green leaves of Vanilla are thick and leathery, even fleshy in some species. They can form long thin stems with a length of more than 35 m, with alternate leaves spread along their length. This genus of vine-like plants has a monopodial climbing habitus. ( March 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)įlat-leaved vanilla ( Vanilla planifolia) habitus Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification.

The word vanilla, derived from the diminutive of the Spanish word vaina ( vaina itself meaning sheath or pod), simply translates as little pod. The genus was established in 1754 by Plumier, based on J. Five species are known from the contiguous United States, all limited to southern Florida. This evergreen genus occurs worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, from tropical America to tropical Asia, New Guinea and West Africa. The key constituent imparting its flavour is the phenolic aldehyde, vanillin. It is the only orchid widely used for industrial purposes in flavoring such products as foods, beverages and cosmetics, and is recognized as the most popular aroma and flavor. planifolia), native to Mexico and Belize, from which commercial vanilla flavoring is derived. The most widely known member is the flat-leaved vanilla ( V. Vanilla, the vanilla orchids, forms a flowering plant genus of about 110 species in the orchid family ( Orchidaceae). JSTOR ( May 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)įlat-leaved vanilla ( Vanilla planifolia).Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.